V. A. Voznecensky, T. V. Lyashenko, A. D. Dovgan’
A Сompromise Multifactor Optimization of a Guaranteed Quality of Slag-Alkali Binders (Strength Freeze Resistance Increase, Minimization of Resource Rate)
Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architectur
Abstract. There is considered an investigation of slag-alkali compositions in which by an experiment optimal plan eight factors varied. Five factors of the composition are zeolite dosage, sodium sulfate, cement, plasticizer, and a binder specific surface. Three other factors specify the conditions of heat treatment – durability of a preliminary and isothermal holding and temperature. In the experiment there were determined strength, freeze resistance and resistance coefficient in the solution of sodium sulfate. By the data obtained for 54 combinations and TVO modes there were plotted non-linear experimental-statistical models describing the fields of three properties in 8 prescribed-technological coordinates. Using Monte-Carlo models and method for iterative scanning of property fields, there were determined, first, compositions and modes that maximize a guarantee level of a binder quality; second, minimal resources guaranteeing a required level of quality. The method makes it possible to find compromise solutions in combined optimization tasks when the set of optimality criteria include both the properties and the factors determining them.
Key words: a bunding system “slag–zeolite–Na2SO4–Portland cement”, field of properties, strength, durability, compromise, Monte-Carlo method.
V. I. Bratchun, O. E. Samoilova, V. L. Bespalov, М. К. Pakter
Вitumen-Polymer Binders and Asphalt-Polymer-Concretes Modified by Alvaloy AM Combined with Polyphosphoric Acid
The Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. There have been studied bitumen-polymer binders to produce non-rigid pavements for highways. It is shown that properties of concrete mixtures based on organic binders are specified first of all by an or-ganic binder quality and by the processes of the “organic binder-mineral material” interaction on the phase interface. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that using qualitative components and optimal structure of asphalt-concrete one can obtain a maximum dense packing of particles of a mineral frame. Pavements are considered as a structure that has some working layers. Asphalt-concrete has been studied by a complex of conditions of the external force influences: temperature, time of influence, load intensity, type of a stressed state etc. When studying asphalt-concretes and asphalt-polymer-concretes, the following states were considered: an ideal elastic-isotropic, linear-deformed body, a visco-plastic, anisotropic, and non-linear-deformed body. There was also studied an influence of bitumen-polymer organic binders on the prop-erties of concrete microstructure. There were fixed quantitative dependences of the concrete microstructure quality indices, its components, and structural-mechanical properties of asphalt-concretes.
Key words: asphalt-polymer-concretes, bitumen-polymer compositions, poly-phosphric acid.
М. I. Lobov, P. I. Solovey, N. E. Lambin
The up-to-date State and Development Prospects of Engineering-Geodesic Activities in the Donbas
The Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. There are generalized the research results on the problems of development and up-to-date state of the engineering-geodesic activities in the Donbas. The authors stressed a shortage of engineering-geodesic staff, absence of a strict system of geodesic servicing of construction and operation of heig buildings and structures built on the underworking areas. The data on the influence of surface deformations on different types of buildings in the Donbas are given. Some measures aimed to overcoming these shortcomings are offered. A comprehensive analysis of technogenic deformations of the surface of cities of the Donbas, creation of a system of geodesic maintenance and control of different object construction and their subsequent operation in the conditions of terrains of the Donbas has to be done. It is necessary to perfect a technique of creating observation stations and to use new technologies of geodesic measurements with the use of GPS systems and electronic tacheometers.
Key words: deformations of buildings and structures, geodesic maintenance, analysis of deformations.
Yu.Yu. Kalmykov
Stressed-Deformed State of a Reinforced Foundation Element at Uneven Heating
The Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The are given the result of model experiment of determinig the temperature of external and internal layers of the unevenly heated column part of a ferroconcrete foundation for a plant to cool the steel-making bars at different modes of a technological heating, the plant having been damaged by joint force and temperature influences. The temperature on the surface of the column part of the foundation being measured, there were mode calculations of temperature and moisture patterns that condition both an uneven distribution of physico-mechanical properties of concrete and temperature-shrinkage deformations in element sections. There were determined the forces in the foundation column part arising under permanent and temporary loads. Using the correlations of the orthotropic model of concrete deformation developed in the DonNACEA, there was mode an estimation of a stressed-deformed state of the structure under an uneven heating and force factor influence. The results of calculating stresses in concrete and structure reinforcement are compared with damages revealed.
Key words: column units of base, uneven heating, temperature field, stress-strain state, stresses, temperature-shrinkage deformations.
L. M. Bogak, M. V. Tymofeyev
To the question of organization of tuning of off-shore territories within bounds of city settlements
The Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. First problem of the use of offshore territories of the rivers, seas, lakes, storage pools and other reservoirs lifted at the beginning 60 years of past century in the USSR. Officially, in the USSR the category of earths of water fund was set the landed legislation in 1968. In 80th in the USSR, the row of state documents accepted about the guard of the small rivers, and their offshore defenses zonal were determined only for them. To the present tense in Ukraine problem of the rational use and guard of city water objects remains it is not enough developed. Primary problems, which arise up during determination of external border of offshore protective area, offshore defense zonal within bounds of settlements, implementation of tasks of by volume of-spatial decisions of off-shore territories, organizations of their space and his functional zoning, are certain in the paper.
Key words: Town-planning, community development; employment, rent, rental, lease; the right of land tenure, adjacent land/territory, retrofit, servitors, red line, parcel, property line.
N. G. Nasonkina, V. M. Maslak, Yu. O. Golikova
Water- Supply System Water Losses and Ways of their Decreasing
The Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. There is characterized the question of water losses and the structure of neglected discharge in public services; there is given an order of determining water losses, a strategy of controlling water losses. There has been analyzed the methods of specifying and localized a hidden leakage; considered the way of an acoustic by-point listening as the main method of determing leakage at which electron listening devices are used. There is given a classification of methods to determine the volume of hidden leakage and why the leakage takes plase. There is given a list of works to reducewater leakage and the order of their realization. Pressure decrease in a water-supply system is the most effective way of decreasing water leakage and overdischarge (a relation between water leakage and pressure is shown). There are considered the reasons why visible losses occur and how to reduce them. There have been analyzed financial aspects connected with the decrease of unpaid water levels.
Key words: neglected discharge, water losses, leakage, meters, pressure in a system.