Vitaly Datsenko a, Viktoriya Zubova a, Andrey Gerbutov b
Dependence of the Sorting Time of Nunicipal Solid Waste on their Degree of Compression
a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture,
b Snezhnyansky Mining Technical school
Abstract. The paper considers the issue of the influence of pre-pressing of municipal solid waste on the time of their sorting. The analysis of modern methods of waste management was carried out, during which it was established that the most rational waste management technology is their sorting with subsequent processing. In addition to the selection of fractions suitable for recycling, sorting makes it possible to increase the environmental friendliness and efficiency of traditional thermal and biothermal treatment of municipal solid waste, and also increases the compaction of landfills of non-recyclable waste. It has been established that currently the system of one-stage waste removal with their preliminary collection in containers has become the most widespread. At the same time, container garbage trucks with side loading of the body with a manipulator of the KO and MKM series are most often used as transport, such machines, in order to increase the transported mass of waste in one cycle, are equipped with mechanisms for forced compression with a degree of z = 4…5. On the basis of experimental studies, the dependence of the sorting time of the n-th volume of municipal solid waste on their compression ratio was obtained, which established a drop in the sorting performance of the compressed waste up to 30 %.
Keywords: solid municipal waste, sorting, compression ratio, garbage truck, container.
Viktoriia Mazur, Anatoly Yugov
Classification Structure of Enclosing Roofing and Facade Systems
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The systematic development of the construction and technical industry and design software have led to the creation of unique buildings and structures with a complex geometric shape, in which there is no clear boundary between the wall and the roof. Similar design solutions relate to enclosing roofing and facade systems. The need to combine design solutions for two fundamentally different enclosing structures at once – roofs and facades (walls) leads to errors already at the design stage, and, as a result, to an increase in the cost of construction. In domestic design practice, there are not only recommendations for the design and installation of roofing and facade systems, but also the classification of such structures. The purpose of the research is to develop a comprehensive classification structure and general design recommendations for the design and installation of enclosing roof and facade systems, which will not only improve the quality of design, but also significantly reduce the time of projecting unique buildings and structures with similar design solutions.
Keywords: roof-facade system, complex classification, structural solutions, curved shapes, design recommendations.
Eduard Savenko, Nikita Savenkov, Sergey Savenko
Restoration of Steel Crankshafts of Internal Combustion Engines by Surfacing
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article describes a method for restoring steel crankshafts of internal combustion engines by using the method of electric arc surfacing along a helical line with powder wire ПП-Нп40Х4Г2СМНТФ under flux АН-44УІ for connecting rod necks, and restoring the root necks by wide-angle electric arc surfacing with the same wire without the use of an additional protective medium, does not cause significant deformations of the shortening of the crankshafts. If the requirements of technical operation are met, using this technological process of restoring the engine crankshaft with extreme wear of the root necks, Exactly 70 microns can provide a repair resource of 280 thousand km, that is, like a new product. The appropriate rational modes of surfacing of the connecting rod and main journals of the crankshafts of ZIL-4331 engines also proposes in the work.
Keywords: restoration, surfacing, wear, repair size, crankshaft, heat treatment, endurance limit, wear resistance, operation, mileage, durability, testing.
Nikita Savenkov, Alexey Kireev
Analytical Method for Calculation of the Characteristics of a Torque Converter for a Car
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper proposes an analytical method for calculating the characteristics of an automobile hydrodynamic transformer. It is based on the generally accepted method. This method is based on the law of hydrodynamic similarity: selection of a dimensionless characteristic of a torque converter by selecting a prototype, calculation of the active diameter, plotting the input and output characteristics. Based on the data obtained, the rotational speed of the pump wheel, turbine wheel, as well as the torque generated on them, is calculated. The graph of these dependencies is a characteristic of the output. The advantage of this method over the graphic one is higher accuracy and speed of calculations. In addition, the calculation by the proposed method becomes possible using computer technology without using any special software, for example, using MS Office or Mathcad. The article provides an example of calculations by the proposed method.
Keywords: torque converter, hydrodynamic transmission, calculation, technique, characteristic, rotation frequency, impeller, torque.
Alexander Gura
Structural and Organizational and Technological Solutions for the Construction of Enclosing Wall Peculiarities of Designing Cultural and Recreational Premises in Hotel and Restaurant Establishments
Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhayilo Tugan-Baranovsky
Abstract. In the course of the study, the expediency of allocating a group of premises for cultural and leisure purposes in the structure of the hotel and restaurant facilities was substantiated, which is recommended to include a rest room for children, a stage and a stage, a guest room, a karaoke room, a sommelier room, exhibition and showrooms with expositions, a room for culinary and entertainment shows, a room for theatrical role-playing games, a room for playing musical instruments, for staff, for storing stage and decorative equipment. The author identified the need to create a variety of animation services directly at the establishments of the hotel and restaurant industry, the task of which will be to introduce, justify and implement these programs. This, in turn, gives rise to the task of creating additional space in institutions of this type, which is especially relevant in today’s conditions.
Keywords: leisure, design, space, restaurant business, technology.